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Sub-Saharan Africa | Tanzania, United Republic Of | Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

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This document is Braison Salisali's presentation from the 2011 Conference: Action Learning among Sunflower Oil Processors for Systemic Change

Sub-Saharan Africa | Nigeria

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This document is Bayo Akindeinde's presentation from the M4P 2011 Conference: A Systemic Approach To Improving The Role Of Government In Business Environment Reform.

South Asia | Bangladesh | Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

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This document describes Katalyst's pilot intervention in seed distribution. It summaries their partnership with Lal Teer Seed Limited and support to mobile see vendors (MSV).

South Asia | Sri Lanka

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This case study demonstrates how Enter-Growth, an ILO Integrated Enterprise Development project at the local level in Sri Lanka, facilitated systemic market change, which in turn had sustainable impact on the growth of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) and the sectors in which they operate.T his case study was commissioned by the ILO Job Creation and Enterprise Development Department with co-financing of the ILO Human Resource Development Department, and the study was developed by Sarah Barlow together with Rob Hitchins and Matthias Herr of the Springfield Centre.

South Asia | Bangladesh | Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

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This case study describes Katalyst's experience with one intervention in the vegetable sector, and in particular Katalyst's role in stimulating training of agricultural input retailers and the flow of information within the distribution system.

Sub-Saharan Africa | Nigeria | Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

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This case study focuses on PrOpCom in Nigeria and demonstrates how the programme integrated all elements of the DCED Standard into its monitoring and evaluation framework and activities. It also illustrates the translation of results chain, with projected impacts, into a measurement plan.

Banking and Financial Services

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This document is Joanna Ledgerwood's presentation from the 2011 Conference: Challenging the Limitations of Institutional Microfinance: A Systems Approach to Sustainable Financial Sector Interventions.

Georgia | Livestock and Veterinary Services

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This document is Helen Bradbury's presentation from the M4P 2011 Conference: Co-investing with the Private Sector to develop Georgia’s Livestock Markets

Europe and Central Asia | Georgia | Livestock and Veterinary Services

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This interim case study assesses the new approach being taken by the SDC-funded programme in Georgia, Creating Market Alliances Against Poverty, with specific reference to the intervention in cattle breeding. It analyses the initial outcomes andprospects for future impact. Produced by Sarah Brown (The Springfield Centre), with input from Tim Stewart, Giorgi Sadunishvili and Khatuna Kurdadze (Mercy Corps, Alliances).

Sub-Saharan Africa | Banking and Financial Services

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Developing financial services for low-income groups is recognised to be a key priority globally. In South Africa, it is an especially important issue. This case sets out the experience of FinMark, an independent trust funded by DFID, in facilitating the development of more inclusive markets for transaction banking services in South Africa. This case study was prepared on behalf of the Fauno Consortium (Skat, Springfield Centre, Swisscontact, Facet, Inbas), which is a mandate of the Employment and Income Division of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC).

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Developing effective market systems is central to the challenge of poverty reduction and wealth creation. This conference – the first international event of its kind – focuses on the key issues to be addressed for market systems approaches to progress further and realise their potential for transformative, systemic change.

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Building on past experience and this growing interest, the M4P Hub is hosting a major international conference to explore ‘where we are’ and ‘where are we going’ in market systems development and bring together decision-makers and practitioners from leading organisations to enhance learning on market systems approaches and exchange experiences on the challenges ahead.

At the heart of the conference is the opportunity for those engaged in market systems development to share experience, learn and discuss the opportunities and challenges for market systems approaches. This document provides guidance for those wishing to contribute and outlines the process to apply to present at the conference.

Europe and Central Asia | Armenia

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This case study explores an intervention which focused on creating access to markets and services for remote communities in the mountainous South West of Armenia. The work was funded by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) and implemented by a small Armenian development NGO, Strategic Development Agency (SDA). By working in a market oriented manner, avoiding building dependence and effectively focusing on long term sustainability, SDA achieved meaningful change within the rural dairy market in Southern Armenia. Commercial veterinary services have been established for around 2,273 households and commercial buyers have increased buying
from 5 villages and started buying from 7 smaller and more remote villages. This has ensured a formal market for milk for around 2000 farmers where often milk was wasted or sold informally.

South Asia | Bangladesh | Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

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This document outlines Katalyst's identification of major constraints in the craft sector and outlines how the programme started to tackle these challenges.

South Asia | Bangladesh | Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

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This case study looks at a variety of market development interventions undertaken by the M4P programme KATALYST in maize, its impact on market actors, their business models and the maize farmers. Produced by KATALYST Bangladesh and prepared by Alan Gibson (The Springfield Centre).

Sub-Saharan Africa | Uganda | Media

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This case is one of a series exploring the application of the Making Markets Work for the Poor approach to different areas of private sector development. This case study explores a series of inter-related projects that have worked with the recently established private FM radio industry in Uganda to establish small business-focused radio programmes. These programmes act as channels of information and platforms for public debate and discussion which enhance the voice of rural entrepreneurs.

South Asia | Bangladesh | Private Sector and Enterprise Development

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This document is Goetz Ebbecke's presentation from the 2011 Conference: Experiences with the DCED Standard for Monitoring and Results Measurement

East Asia and the Pacific, Europe and Central Asia

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This case examines Swisscontact’s experience in stimulating a more conducive environment for small businesses in Indonesia and Russia. Learning from experience, Swisscontact has sought a departure from conventional approaches to business environment reform; in doing so, it has intervened in a “systemic” way, consistent with the making markets work for the poor (M4P) approach. The experience can be seen as distinctive in terms of Swisscontact’s rationale for intervention, its approach to understanding and intervention and the sustainability of its impacts.

Sub-Saharan Africa | Uganda | Media

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This M4P Hub Case Interview on FIT-SEMA explores a series of projects that worked with the recently established private FM radio industry in Uganda to establish small business-focused radio programmes. These programmes act as channels of information and platforms for public debate and discussion which enhance the voice of rural entrepreneurs. The activities of FIT-SEMA have stimulated FM radio in Uganda as a powerful channel to reach and enhance the business and income generating activities of the rural poor by enhancing the flow of relevant information.

Europe and Central Asia | Georgia | Livestock and Veterinary Services

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This M4P Hub Case Interview explores how M4P was put into practice in the livestock sector in Georgia through the Market Alliances Against Poverty programme.

Sub-Saharan Africa | Tanzania, United Republic Of | Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

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This M4P Hub Case Interview on the Rural Livelihood Development Programme (RDLP) in Tanzania looks at how the programme facilitated linkages in the cotton sector to improve the productivity and income of smallholder farmers. RDLP's current interventions aim to promote the establishment of contract farming systems, improve farmers access to advisory services, strengthen farmers' organisation and promote collaboration between local government authorities, the Tanzanian Cotton Board and private sector companies in the cotton sector.

Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

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This manual describes the Participatory Market Chain Approach (PMCA), a new R&D method designed to stimulate innovation along market chains by enhancing stakeholder collaboration and trust. This method grew out of a joint effort made by different R&D organizations and projects (see list on the inside of the back cover), with the aim of finding new ways of intervening in market chains and improving poor farmers’ livelihoods. Published by the International Potato Center.

Sub-Saharan Africa | Nigeria | Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Rural Development and Livelihoods

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From 2008–2011 PrOpCom facilitated interventions aimed at improving the commercial marketing and distribution of fertiliser to the poor in Nigeria. When PrOpCom first contemplated whether or not to intervene in the fertiliser market, industry experts cautioned against it, warning that fertiliser in Nigeria is a politically arrested system with little or no private market potential. However, PrOpCom worked with two large fertilizer companies to change the status quo. By providing advice on how to target a previously underserved market segment and redesign the product to meet that segment’s needs, PrOpCom helped these companies set up ‘last mile’ distribution networks and training to reach the poor, and more importantly, to value the poor as a relevant customer base.

Sub-Saharan Africa | Nigeria | Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Rural Development and Livelihoods

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Representing a completely new way of doing business in a sector dominated by unfulfilled government promises and dissatisfied stakeholders, this case study documents how PrOpCom is facilitating systemic change in the agricultural commodity sector, through using the example of tractor markets.

South Asia | Bangladesh | Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

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This SDC Asia Brief on Bangladesh from December 2011 offers an insight into an intervention that promotes contract farming in maize cultivation.

Sub-Saharan Africa

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This paper considers the anticipated impact of one, market shaping, and pro-poor initiative set up by KPMG Africa Development Advisory Services (DAS): The Africa Enterprise Challenge Fund (AECF) that funds innovative business ideas, in the areas of agribusiness, rural financial services, and renewable energy that are commercially viable and will have the biggest development impact for rural Africans. We explain the AECF within the context of pro-poor growth and the Making Markets Work for the Poor (M4P) paradigm. Through explaining a few of the required conditions needed to increase their impact, we give practical examples that will be relevant for development partners, practitioners and similar such mechanisms elsewhere. The AECF is about partnering with business and inclusive business.

Sub-Saharan Africa

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This document is Hugh Scott & Corin Mitchell's presentation from the 2011 Conference: The Africa Enterprise Challenge Fund: From theory through experience: Using grant based instruments effectively

Sub-Saharan Africa | Tanzania, United Republic Of | Health

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This case study provides an overview of the NATNETS programme, which has been roled out in Tanzania since 2000 as a means to combat rates of malaria.

Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

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This paper provides an overview of the The Participatory Market Chain Approach (PMCA), a market systems tool being rolled out in many developing country food and agricultural sectors. The PMCA focuses on innovation in products, technologies, and ways of working together. By carefully selecting market chains and partners, and building in social responsibility, the PMCA can lead to favourable outcomes and impacts for poor farmers. Published by the Institutional Learning and Change Initiative (ILAC).

Sub-Saharan Africa

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This document is Maya Makanjee's presentation from the M4P 2011 Conference: The role and impact of FinMark Trust in Southern Africa

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This guide details five critical roles that a market facilitator must play and the foundational attitudes and capacities that cross-cut these roles. For each role there are key capacities and areas of competence associated with that role. The guide describes a progression of three levels of competence for each key capacity.

Gender

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The M4P Hub is coordinating a multi-step process aimed at strengthening women’s economic empowerment (WEE) issues within the M4P framework. Dr. Linda Jones produced a discussion paper that was presented at the M4P Hub Conference in November 2011, where additional input from donors and practitioners was captured to gather collective perceptions of the M4P community.
The growing portfolio of M4P programmes and increased implementation expertise have progressively exposed the need to devote explicit attention to the gender-specific systemic constraints faced by poor women and men.
This momentum offers an excellent opportunity to revisit the M4P framework and to initiate and support a process for developing recommendations and guidance for better addressing women’s economic empowerment in M4P projects and programmes. This consultancy forms part of a multi-donor (DFID, SDC, Sida) effort to strengthen the M4P Guides, and to lead dialogue and consensus building on how to prioritise and operationalise women’s economic empowerment within the M4P approach.

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EMMA is a set of tools and guidance notes which encourages and assists front-line humanitarian staff in sudden-onset emergencies to better understand, accommodate, and make use of market systems. It does not offer a simplistic blue-print for action. However, EMMA does provide accessible, relevant guidance to staff who are not already specialists in market analysis.

Nigeria | Business Enabling Environment, Gender, Infrastructure, Construction and Transport, Land and Property, Livestock and Veterinary Services, Private Sector and Enterprise Development, Rural Development and Livelihoods, Trade

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The Growth and Employment in States (GEMS) project in Nigeria is responding to a number of fundamental monitoring, evaluation and reporting challenges. First and foremost, it is a large and complex project, implemented by different companies, across different states and sectors, with a very wide variety of interventions. Second, it makes use of the Making Markets Work for the Poor approach to economic development. M4P has been challenging the talents and persistence of M&E specialists and economists for some years, as they have tried to resolve issues of attribution, displacement and deadweight within fluid and massive market systems. Finally, the project is delivered in a period of global development practice dominated by demands for effective communication of results and value for money.
This Handbook responds directly to these challenges, and as a result, provides three main contributions to GEMS, and potentially to other M4P projects beyond Nigeria. First, it provides a set of definitions for key terms (the poor, ‘income increase’, employment etc) whose meanings we might think we understand, but which quickly unravel when two sets of results using different methods and measurements (and, crucially, different M&E specialists) are compared. The unusual complexity of GEMS, notably its use of three main service providers, has forced the work to be particularly detailed and thoughtful, and should inform work in other, similar projects.

In addition to definitions, it provides a set of measurement standards and guidelines for each category of intervention in the project, whether focused on skills, introduction of new products and services, advocacy, business development services or business environment reforms.

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Le DFID et la DDC ont commandité une série de trois documents consacrés à M4P. Destinés au personnel des agences de développement et des gouvernements, aux chercheurs et aux praticiens, ils visent à présenter une étude globale claire de la démarche, aussi bien théorique que pratique. Le Guide opérationnel (le présent document) (réalisé grâce au soutien de DFID) constitue une base de référence opérationnelle pour la mise en oeuvre de M4P, en particulier par une présentation générale des bonnes pratiques, des défis les plus couramment rencontrés, et
des principales leçons tirées de l’expérience.

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This participatory guide aims to promote the engagement of small holder producers with modern markets by guiding a multi-stakeholder process of shaping or upgrading inclusive trading relationships with the potential to create win-win situation for all actors involved.

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This paper is intended to provide a framework for understanding the role of markets in achieving the International Development Target of reducing poverty, and for identifying ways of strengthening the pro-poor functioning of markets. It considers these questions both overall and in relation to markets for finance, labour, land, and staple foods.

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This paper is an annex of the Making Markets Work for the Poor framework paper focusing on market concepts.

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This paper is an annex to the Making Markets Work for the Poor Framework paper, focusing on fiancial markets and the poor.

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This paper is an annex of the Making Markets Work for the Poor framework paper focusing on labour markets and the poor

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This paper is an annex of the Making Markets Work for the Poor framework paper focusing on land markets.

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This paper is an annex of the Making Markets Work for the Poor framework paper focusing on staple food markets.

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This document is the Bibliography for the Making Markets Work for the Poor framework paper.

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The toolbook is designed as a concise document aimed to provide value chain practitioners with an easy to follow set of tools for value chain analysis, focused on poverty reduction. Whilst there are a number of handbooks on Value Chain analysis already in existence, the aim of this toolbook is to bridge the gap between value chain analysis and pro-poor development. Hence the tools that are presented here are similar to those presented in other handbooks, but the main special feature of the toolbook is that within each of the tools there is a clear focus on how to apply the tool in order to analyze the impact of the value chain from the point of view of the poor.

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The M4P Operational Guide provides a substantial operational resource on how to implement M4P, including an overview of good practices, common management challenges and the main lessons from experience. Sponsored by SDC and authored by the Springfield Centre.

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The M4P Operational Guide provides a substantial operational resource on how to implement M4P, including an overview of good practices, common management challenges and the main lessons from experience. Sponsored by SDC and authored by the Springfield Centre.

Europe and Central Asia

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This Outcome Monitoring Concept (OMC), elaborated by the SCO with the support of Springfield Centre, has been developed with the following: to measure, in quantitative terms, the aggregated outcome of Swiss intervention under the Economic Development and Employment (EDE) portfolio; to assess and describe, in qualitative terms, the achievements of rural development projects applying the M4P approach and integrating elements of local governance and DRR; to clarify the scope, methodology and instruments of outcome monitoring in the field of poverty reduction and rural economic development; to clarify roles and responsibilities as well the terms of cooperation and specific procedures between the Swiss funded projects and the Swiss Cooperation Office South Caucasus (SCO) in the joint endeavor.

Post-Conflict and Fragile State Environments

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This guidance note explains why market development in countries affected by conflict is important and relevant for economic development planners and practitioners. It presents some of the main issues, risks and opportunities that economic development professionals may typically face. It also introduces the key stakeholders and processes, questions to be considered and main lessons learned. The final section points the reader to additional resources on the topic.

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This synthesis paper summarises the outcomes of an SDC E+I e-learning cycle on setting up an M4P programme and addresses some of the challenges are commonly encountered.

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This synthesis paper summarises the outcomes of an SDC E+I e-learning cycle on 'Facilitating Changes in M4P programmes' and addresses some of the challenges are commonly encountered.

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The discussion on mainstreaming governance in Making Markets Work for the Poor (M4P) projects was the third e-discussion of SDC’s e+I Network in 2012. It followed a discussion on Women Economic Empowerment that was organised in cooperation with the M4P Hub and a discussion onM4P and Rural Advisory Services (RAS) in cooperation with SDC’s RAS Network.

Addressing governance issues in M4P projects proves to be in an early stage and only a few regions and projects have tackled the issue explicitly. One team that has proven to be a thought leader within SDC is the Cooperation Office South Caucasus, which has produced some guiding documents for M4P projects implemented in the region. Examples of projects that actively tackle governance aspects were also brought forward from Bangladesh and the occupied Palestinian territory.

There was no broad consensus between the participants. This synthesis tries to find a red threat in the very diverse voices that contributed to this e-discussion, illustrating some of the points with quotes and examples from the participants. Many questions remain open after the discussion and need to be tackled in other fora.

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This synthesis paper summarises the outcomes of an SDC E+I e-learning cycle on implementing an M4P programme and addresses some of the challenges are commonly encountered.

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This synthesis paper summarises the outcomes of an SDC E+I e-learning cycle on setting up an M4P programme and addresses some of the challenges are commonly encountered.

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This synthesis paper summarises the outcomes of an SDC E+I face-to-face discussion on measuring results from M4P programmes and addresses some of the challenges are commonly encountered.

Private Sector and Enterprise Development

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The present e-discussion is a direct follow-up of the introductory training on results measurement (RM), which took place during the face-to-face event. Responding to a large number of requests from within the network, the intention is to provide a temporary help desk on questions regarding the work on results measurement frameworks or monitoring systems in general.

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The EMMA toolkit is a guidance manual for humanitarian staff in sudden-onset emergencies. It aims to improve emergency responses by encouraging and assisting relief agencies to better understand, support and make use of local market-systems in disaster zones.EMMA offers a quick, rough-and-ready analysis with practical recommendations that are suitable for the early stages of emergencies. It does not rely on users having specialist economic or market analysis skills; and it is broad in scope: addressing survival needs, livelihood protection and the transition to economic recovery. The rationale for EMMA is that better understanding of the critical market systems in a disaster situation enables agencies to consider a broader range of humanitarian responses. The EMMA process assists agencies to address humanitarian needs more effectively, while also not hindering economic recovery by side-lining the local private sector.

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This document is intended to provide a reminder of the aim, audience, structure and content of the M4P Operational Guide.

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This curriculum from USAID uses an experiential, activity-based methodology to help practitioners think differently about their project strategies and their roles as facilitators of value chain development. Particular emphasis is placed on analyzing market relationships and facilitating pro-poor systemic change. Here you will find several overview documents and the contents of the four modules: Understanding a Value Chain System; Understanding System Dynamics (Analysis); Envisioning the Future of a Value Chain System (Strategy Development and Project Planning); and
Managing a Value Chain System Project.

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This paper provides a brief overview of the theory behind value chain selection, including a guide to the short-listing matrix, and ranking grid techniques.

South Asia | Bangladesh | Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Gender

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This thematic report highlights Katalyst's journey towards integrating a gender perspective, examines its progress and the challenges faced, and consolidates key learning to be taken forward. It is hoped that it will provide useful insights not only for Katalyst teams but also for our external stakeholders.

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The International Rescue Committee (IRC) is pleased to present this Sector Framework, which outlines the IRC ’s vision for Economic Recovery and Development (ERD) and the components in each phase of our programming.

South Asia | Sri Lanka | Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

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The overall purpose of this evaluation is to assess the achievements of the project. It assesses the extent to which this starting point, and the approach that evolved from it, were appropriate and have resulted in changes in local economies and the way the market system operates with regard to MSEs, in particular of the poor.

South Asia | Bangladesh | Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

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This report reviews Katalyst's progress from July to December 2009 and its activities across its eight sectors: maize, vegetables, potato, fish, prwans, furniture, jute and tourism.

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It is the promise of massive, positive impact that makes "making markets work for the poor" a fundamental challenge for governments and development agencies. This paper, drawing on the lessons of international experience, is about how these players should go about addressing this objective and about the essence of the approach they should use to realise the promise of markets. Authored by Alan Gibson, Hugh Scott and David Ferrand. Sponsored by The ComMark Trust.

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This paper explores why the making markets work for the poor (MMW4P) approach should be prioritised by development policymakers and, given this, how organisations can begin to make sense of the approach in their own work. Authored by David Elliott and Alan Gibson, and sponsored by The ComMark Trust.

Europe and Central Asia | Georgia | Gender, Livestock and Veterinary Services

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This document provides a summary of findings from a series of focus groups conducted by the Market Alliances Against Poverty programme in Georgia, funded by SDC and implemented by MercyCorps. The aim of the focus groups was to gain a deeper understanding of gender and its implications for the role of women engaged in livestock farming in the programme's targeted areas.

Post-Conflict and Fragile State Environments

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Over the last year, at the behest of USAID, ten organizations captured results and lessons learned from field-based projects that used value chain programming in conflict-affected environments. The goal of this paper is to extract larger lessons that emerge from these implementing organizations and the programs they developed across 14 value chains in conflict-affected environments. Based on these lessons, the paper strives to articulate the potential of value chain principles and programming in conflict-affected environments, and to highlight “better practice” that leads to greater programmatic achievements in such difficult contexts.

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This M4P Synthesis paper explains the essence of the M4P approach – its rationale, including evidence of impact, and key features in implementation. M4P Perspectives introduces the conceptual underpinnings of M4P and explores its application in different fields including finance, agriculture, water, labour and climate change. Sponsored by SDC and authored by The Springfield Centre.

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This M4P Synthesis paper explains the essence of the M4P approach – its rationale, including evidence of impact, and key features in implementation. M4P Perspectives introduces the conceptual underpinnings of M4P and explores its application in different fields including finance, agriculture, water, labour and climate change. Sponsored by SDC and authored by The Springfield Centre.

East Asia and the Pacific | Indonesia | Water and Sanitation

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Access to sanitation services is one of the most critical problems facing today’s urban poor communities. In Indonesia, rapid urbanization has magnified the challenges of urban resource provision and the majority of urban residents lack access to adequate sanitation facilities. The growing demand for sanitation services requires enormous resources and is virtually impossible to meet with just supply-side approaches alone. In order to create a more sustainable system, the PUSH project is applying a market-based Value Chain approach that will improve market systems for the poor and educate the consumer on sanitation solutions. As this system develops, public demand for sanitation services will increase and reach a tipping point where sanitation services become an investment priority. The PUSH project will be important in determining if a functioning market for sanitation services is a sustainable and potentially revolutionary way to improve access to sanitation services.

Private Sector and Enterprise Development

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The purpose of Comparative Approaches is to re-examine the relationship between various private sector development (PSD) fields in the context of the M4P approach. Authored by Marieke de Ruijter de Wildt, David Elliott, and Rob Hitchins. Sponsored by The Springfield Centre.

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Comparing M4P and SLA Frameworks explores the similarities and differences between two schools of development thinking: Making Markets work for the Poor (M4P) and the Sustainable livelihoods Approach (SLA) . Authored by Mike Albu and sponsored by The Springfield Centre.

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This report, the first in a series, advances UNDP’s efforts to turn ideas and analysis from The Growing Inclusive Markets Initiative into action through a dialogue with the private sector, government and civil society. It is the product of research based on 50 case studies, writing and reviews by a network of developing country academics and a diverse advisory group of institutions with expertise in the private sector’s role in development. Published by UNDP

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The focus of this paper is on exploring the interrelation between poverty, employment and incomes, and how current strategies need to adapt in order to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDG's). Authored by David Elliott and sponsored by The Springfield Centre

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This documents outlines the three pillars of support necessary to help improve incomes and reduce poverty of small farmers: 1) affordable water control technologies, 2) private supply chains for irrigation hardware and agroinputs, and 3) access to new marketing channels. Written by Urs Heierli and Elisabeth Katz and supported by SDC, Employment and Income Division.

Health

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This article aims to look at whether health interventions negatively impact on the health market once they finish: a concern called the ‘Develop-Distort Dilemma’ (DDD). The paper aims to develop a tool that will provide a dialogue for practitioners and researchers that is both meaningful and systemic. The DDD tool can be applied to develop rather than distort health markets, and help to generate an understanding of where a specific project sits within the wider health market system. When intervening in the health market, it is important to understand the issues within the market and manage them in such a way that delivers the maximum benefit to the health system and population. Within this paper case studies of the DDD tool being used by the Future Health Systems consortium in Bangladesh, China and Uganda are highlighted.

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What does facilitation mean in practice? This question is at the centre of this working paper. The arguments and theses of this paper were triggered by the online debates of SDC’s employment and income network during 2010. Additional experiences and background papers were integrated in order to complement the findings from the online discussions. It discusses the implications of being a facilitator in a M4P programme: not only the facilitation alternative options and choices that need to be made, but also the practical implications for strategic, conceptual and operational planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. Therefore, the paper looks critically at the current practice and experience concerning the roles and responsibilities of donors and implementing partners, complemented with broader background reflections about facilitation within M4P initiatives. Written by Daniel Roduner and Carsten Schulz, AGRIDEA ; and Isabelle Fragnière, Intercooperation.

Sub-Saharan Africa | Banking and Financial Services

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Executive summary

Over the past decade several donors have contributed considerable resources towards the development of the mobile money industry, seeking to leverage the commercial interests, capabilities and capacities of the private sector (mobile network operators, banks, and other market players) to extend access to poor customers at scale. The DFID Financial Deepening Challenge Fund began engaging with Vodafone in 2003 with a grant of £1 million being made in 2004. In 2007 M-Pesa launched to market in Kenya and by 2011 had nearly 13 million customers.

The mobile money sector has grown to see 119 mobile money deployments, with an estimated 50 branchless banking implementations with active users and 22 with more than 1 million registered customers. However, growth has not been equal in all markets, nor as rapid in some markets as many donors would have hoped or expected in light of the M-Pesa product success in Kenya.

This paper considers whether the adoption by donors of a market system development approach can increase the effectiveness of donor contributions and improve the benefits delivered to the poor.

Some of the intervention points include the need for providers to develop thorough understanding of the financial lives of the unbanked; the constraints in the regulatory environment; limited access to technical advisory (TA); access to skilled human resources; access to capital to finance the development and deployment of mobile money services; and access to formal financial sector partners to develop partnerships that may facilitate the development and deployment of mobile money services.

Analysis of donor support to mobile money development concludes that donor contributions are most effective when made relevant to the stage of industry development, and when targeted at either the macro (industry and country) or micro (provider) level intervention. Some impulsive donor interventions can fail to meet the needs and interests of the private sector if donors intervene directly when market systems and market participants are not yet delivering the right services and conditions.

Recognising that donors’ roles in the market should be strategic and temporary, we argue that donors can benefit from applying the “market system development” approach to analysing the mobile money markets in which they wish to make interventions and to formulating intervention strategies.

When viewed through market system development lens, the mobile money market system has at its core the exchange between mobile money providers and mobile money consumers. The core exchange relationship is heavily dependent upon a range of other elements of the market system:
• the supporting functions;
• the formal rules
• the market players.
This analysis can support a deeper level of understanding of the reasons why some markets are failing to meet the needs of the poor, as well as of the complex inter-linkages between market systems.

Conclusions
Lessons from various market system development initiatives suggest that donors will achieve more by focusing on supporting the market functions and rules of the mobile money system that are not working well, instead of focusing constantly upon the core. The extent to which market systems work well for the poor is the primary concern in this approach. Achieving scale is equally important, but the projected time required to achieve scale is likely to be greater.

A market development analysis can be used to gain a further understanding of the market, including:
• does the market structure support the delivery of services and benefits to the poor,
• what market constraints exist that prevent these services and benefits from reaching the poor,
• what are the dependencies between inter-linked market systems and where can constraints be unlocked in supporting service markets,
• how to facilitate market developments without distorting market processes or crowding out market players, and
• how to plan for sustainable outcomes by planning an exit strategy at the outset.

Sub-Saharan Africa | Banking and Financial Services

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Financial inclusion has risen steadily in development circles over the last 10 years to become a key policy objective for donors and governments. In Africa, more than 600 active financial sector projects are currently being carried out by a variety of donors. The increasing amount of public capital coming into the sector suggests the need for a better understanding of what works to promote financial inclusion on the ground, and how to coordinate donor efforts to achieve sustainable results.

This paper looks first at the history of financial inclusion efforts that led to the rise of the M4P approach. The second section outlines lessons from FSD Kenya’s experience on the ground, while the third suggests how M4P can be applied in weak and strong markets.

It concludes with some considerations for donors who may want to launch similar M4P financial inclusion programmes in Africa.

Health

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This report is part of a series of Future Health Systems working papers on health markets. The paper presents the ideas of an informal network of health system analysts and innovators introducing current thinking about the roles of markets and institutions in health systems, frameworks for analysis of health systems, latest developments in health markets, and sources of institutional innovation in these markets.

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The aim of this paper is to outline the stages involved with implementing the M4P programme, including the positioning and implementation arrangements, engagement with the private sector and feedback measures.

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This guide commissioned by Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation is written for all international food companies that have smallholder producers in their supply chains and that actively engage with these smallholders either through direct sourcing arrangements or through other types of smallholder support programs such as training programs, sustainability certification schemes, and community development projects.

The aims of this guide are to:
• Raise awareness of the important role played by women in smallholder-based supply chains, of the constraints they face, and of the potential commercial benefits to be gained from removing these constraints.
• Convince food companies to modify their existing smallholder sourcing and support programs so as to allow improved participation of women producers.
• Support food companies to make the necessary changes by providing practical guidance and good practice examples.

Peru

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This conference presentation from Practical Action provides an overview of a project engaging young rural entrepreneurs in markets systems in Peru.

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Le DFID et la DDC ont commandité une série de trois documents consacrés à M4P. Destinés au personnel des agences de développement et des gouvernements, aux chercheurs et aux praticiens, ils visent à présenter une étude globale claire de la démarche, aussi bien théorique que pratique. Le présent document, Perspectives, a pour objectif d’explorer plus en détail des questions spécifiques relatives à M4P et
aux secteurs potentiels de l’aide au développement, pour lesquels il serait possible d’appliquer M4P. Par là même, il vise à présenter le contexte conceptuel de M4P, largement issu des avancées de la pensée économique, ainsi que l’apport positif que constitue l’approche sur le plan pratique.

Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

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This paper examines ways in which agricultural market system performance can be improved to stimulate and sustain pro-poor growth. At the core of the paper are questions about the coordination and exchange needed for agricultural growth in poor rural areas, and about the relative efficiency of different forms of market and other (non-market) mechanisms in facilitating coordination and exchange. Authored by Andrew Dorward and Jonathan Kydd.

Private Sector and Enterprise Development, Rural Development and Livelihoods

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The aim of this paper is to review the M4P approach in the context of rural Small-Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Authored by Rob hitchins, David Elliott and Alan Gibson, and sponsored by The Springfield Centre.

South Africa | Banking and Financial Services

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Making Financial Markets Work for the Poor aims to deepen and extend the the theory behind the M4P approach by applying it to the financial services sector in South Africa. Authored by David Porteous and Sponsored by FinMark Trust.

Private Sector and Enterprise Development, Trade

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The aim of this paper is to examine how operating the MMW4P approach contributes towards developing strategies for Economic growth. It argues that strategies need to be informed by the growth, inequality and poverty experience of the country, and outlines important considerations for economic policy. It concludes by looking at the implications of this approach for international donors.

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This paper was published following a DFID review of the MMW4P pilot programmes, and makes recommendations on how the M4P approach can promote Economic growth and alleviate poverty. It is argued that M4P provides an effective strategy for engaging with previously marginalised sectors of society, before examining the implications of the initiative for donors.

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This paper describes the M4P framework and how it may be used to promote growth and improve the livelihoods of the poor. It forms the third in a series of 6 notes attempting to take stock of the successes and failures of the early Making Markets Work for the Poor programmes, and examinines how the evolving thinking has worked in practice and learning lessons that may help to inform the scaling up and broader application of the framework.

Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Banking and Financial Services

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This paper is intended to provide a framework for understanding the role of markets in achieving the International Development Target of reducing poverty, and for identifying ways of strengthening the pro-poor functioning of markets. It considers these questions both overall and in relation to markets for finance, labour, land, and staple foods. Published by DFID

Gender

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This paper by Susan Johnson debates the relationship between M4P and social regulation, and posits that the Making Markets Work for the Poor approach is limited unless it takes into account the influence of social institutions on poverty creation.

Private Sector and Enterprise Development

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This SIDA working paper provides commentary on how the current structure of markets marginalises the poor, and how harnessing the small-scale entrepreneur, microfinance, and the informal sector provide the key to poverty alleviation. Published by SIDA.

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This paper is one of three exploring synergies, complementarities and divergences between the M4P and Sustainable Livelihoods approaches. The assumption behind this article is that the strategic role - played by structures such as SDC’s ‘F’ department - is likely to be more effective and influential when it is seen to be grounded in a coherent and consistent approach to poverty reduction. Authored by Mike Albu and sponsored by The Springfield Centre.

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This paper is one of three exploring synergies, complementarities and divergences between the M4P and Sustainable Livelihoods approaches. Attention is given to examining the similarities and differences between the two development initiatives before presenting overall implications for development policy. Authored by Mike Albu and sponsored by The Springfield Centre.

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It is increasingly clear that in tackling rural poverty, market-related issues – including access to information, institutions, linkages and trade rules – are vital considerations. Failure to address these issues means that the benefits of the other developments threaten to by-pass the rural poor.

In the complex context of rural poverty, the sometimes bewildered practitioner or policy-maker is proffered a range of solutions or policy prescriptions including: trade liberalisation; more productive agriculture; more effective support services and resources; better local governance; collective action ad collaboration by producers; greater public investment in infrastructure; a more attractive investment climate ad business environment.

This paper was completed by Practical Action Markets and Livelihoods Programme in 2005.

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Market approaches to development require totally different 'out-of-the box' business models in order to reach the poor. In this paper seven case studies give deep insights into some of the most relevant development issues and to market-based solutions which are already effective or show great promise. Authored by Urs Heierli and sponsored by The Swiss Agency for Development.

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This Hub working paper examines the development of market development approaches over the last decade and takes stock of what has been achieved, and how the approach needs to further develop going forward.

Post-Conflict and Fragile State Environments

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This paper documents practitioner experience using market development approaches for poverty alleviation and reconstruction during and post-conflict. Relief initiatives, in their admirable work to meet communities’ immediate needs can create unintended vulnerabilities and dependency by distorting private sector markets. Market Development, an approach to pro-poor economic growth, reduces distortions while leveraging the power of markets to transition the poor more rapidly from dependency to independence. While practices are still in early stages, the twelve case studies examined suggest these approaches hold promise in using the private sector to work with greater numbers of small enterprises in establishing sustainable, resilient livelihoods.

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This M4P Lessons paper captures the experiences of M4P programmes to date, and provides general guidance on the principles and approach to designing and implementing the initiative based on early learning.

Banking and Financial Services, Business Enabling Environment, Private Sector and Enterprise Development

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This ODI Background note gives an overview of the new role of the private sector within development to promote inclusive business and creative capitalism. Drawing on examples from the mobile money industry it argues that the business model, if harnessed correctly, can deliver development benefits for the poor.

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The purpose of M4P Perspectives is to explore in more detail specific issues associated with M4P and potential areas of development endeavour where M4P may have application. In doing so it seeks to demonstrate both the conceptual context for M4P, much of it emerging from developments in economic thinking, and the value-added which M4P can bring in practice. Sponsored by SDC and authored by The Springfield Centre.

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The purpose of M4P Perspectives is to explore in more detail specific issues associated with M4P and potential areas of development endeavour where M4P may have application. In doing so it seeks to demonstrate both the conceptual context for M4P, much of it emerging from developments in economic thinking, and the value-added which M4P can bring in practice. Sponsored by SDC and authored by The Springfield Centre.

South Asia | Bangladesh | Private Sector and Enterprise Development

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The objective of this paper is to present a clear and transparent methodology for a precise and assessable formulation of what the concept ‘pro-poor’ means for Katalyst. The study is based on the Progress out of Poverty Index framework (PPI) which is being actively used by various multilateral donor organisations and NGOs around the globe.

To this end, and as a pilot case, this paper examines in detail the poverty incidence of the target beneficiaries of Katalyst’s prawn and maize sectors, providing a snapshot of the progress Katalyst has achieved in implementing this system over the one year since its introduction.

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This document outlines DFID's private sector development strategy (2008). It explains the key challenges facing present day global development and sets out its plan of action to enable the private sector to meet the MDG's.

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This paper is a synthesis of the first joint e-discussion in June 2012 of the two thematic networks of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) –Agriculture and Food Security (A+FS) and employment and income (e+i) – on Rural Advisory Services and Making Markets Work for the Poor (M4P).

It builds on a joint session of both networks in May 2012 during the face-to-face event of the A+FS network in Switzerland. The intention was to facilitate a meeting of minds in order to search for the complementarities of the two approaches, since RAS and the M4P approach historically have been dealt with in two separate networks within SDC: the former within the A+FS network and the latter in the e+i network.

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“How can the Making Markets Work for the Poor Framework work for poor women and for poor men?” This is the underlying question of a discussion paper for an M4P Women’s economic empowerment (WEE) framework prepared by Dr. Linda Jones on behalf of the M4P Hub. In order to achieve WEE, through M4P or any other approach, the paper recognises the need to define economic empowerment and its main elements. The four elements of WEE proposed in the paper were used as guide during the e-discussion as well as to structure this synthesis. Besides the discussion of these four elements, some practical tips were compiled from the discussion and are presented at the end of this synthesis paper.

East Asia and the Pacific | Indonesia | Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Rural Development and Livelihoods

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While Indonesia and the Maluku province enjoy a strong position in the nutmeg market, the industry faces many constraints. Farmers receive low profits despite of the vast global demand, and consequently, there is little incentive to improve production quality and output. Nutmeg supply, produced mainly by small-scale farmers, is scarce relevant to the demand, which encourages hedging, or actors who take their profit cut from the sector’s earnings, but do not offer any positive contribution to the sector. Prolonged storage in inadequate warehouses contributes to lower quality of nutmeg. Value-addition is limited and done only by a small number of firms. Low profits at the farm gate level decrease incentives for farmers to increase production of nutmeg, limiting supply and sales. As a result of these constraints, Indonesia exports low-value nutmeg to other Asian countries (e.g. China, India and Thailand), which is then re-exported to higher paying markets. In short, Indonesia’s nutmeg sector is under-performing relative to its potential.

Despite the many challenges, there is an opportunity for growth in the Malukan nutmeg industry. The global market demand is vast, and forecast to continue. A number of value-added industries use nutmeg’s by-products as raw material inputs (e.g., Chinese medicine, nutmeg oil, spices, Coca-Cola). Consequently, the entire commodity is suitable for export and there is room for local added value. The value is high, and the industry has a bright future, should buyers implement appropriate policies and practices.

At the private sector level, adoption of a new set of mutually beneficial business practices would benefit all stakeholders. Maluku’s soil is uniquely suited to produce high quality nutmeg, but poor harvesting and post-harvest practices are damaging the end-product. Closer cooperation between key players in the value chain1 would provide farmers clear profit incentives to increase production and quality nutmeg. Closer vertical cooperation2 in the value chain would also eliminate hedgers. The promise of sustainable earnings should be an incentive for firms to make the investments required to maintain and expand Malukan nutmeg’s brand. This paper argues that adoption of a new set of business practices that are mutually beneficial to all players and inclusive of farmers, although requiring initial higher investment, would yield higher profits in the long run and benefit all actors in the sector. The paper will provide a set of related policy recommendations for lead-firms (nutmeg exporters and large traders).

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This edition of The Reader gives an in-depth analysis of the M4P Framework, before outlining the challenges of application in complex environments, through examining dynamics such as conflict, post-conflict instability, gender disparity, HIV/AIDS and reaching rural communities.

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The World Economic Forum is pleased to present this report on innovative approaches through which companies across a broad range of industries can tap the economic potential of the “base of the pyramid” (BOP), generating sustainable economic growth while improving the livelihoods of the poor. Prepared by the World Economic Forum in collaboration with The Boston Consulting Group.

Private Sector and Enterprise Development

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The purpose of this document is to undertake a preliminary review of appropriate roles for government in the development of Business Development Services (BDS) markets. In doing so it examines the rationale for a government role in BDS markets and the important principles that are likely to influence the kinds of role government might play. Authored by Rob Hitchins and sponsored by the International Labour Organisation.

East Asia and the Pacific, Sub-Saharan Africa | Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Banking and Financial Services

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The purpose of Understanding the Market System is to explain the mechanism behind M4P and clarify the roles of the state, private sector, government and civil society. The paper outlines the structure and capabilities of the core participants before explaining the barriers that prevent the poor from being involved in existing markets. Short case studies from Bangladesh, Malawi and Nigeria are included in the analysis.

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Le DFID et la DDC ont commandité une série de trois documents consacrés à M4P. Destinés au personnel des agences de développement et des gouvernements, aux chercheurs et aux praticiens, ils visent à présenter une étude globale claire de la démarche, aussi bien théorique que pratique.Synthèse présente les lignes essentielles de l’approche – sa justification y compris les preuves de son impact, et les points clés de sa mise en oeuvre.

Private Sector and Enterprise Development

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This report offers recommendations on how the major actors—governments, public development institutions, the private sector and civil society organizations—can modify their actions and approaches to significantly enhance the ability of the private sector to advance the development process. Published by UNDP

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The Business Innovation Facility helps the development and uptake of inclusive business models by companies in developing countries. BIF provides advocacy support and facilitation to companies developing inclusive business projects in Bangladesh, India, Malawi, Nigeria and Zambia. In addition, BIF works on improving information exchange and insight around inclusive business models. The Business Innovation Facility Practitioner Hub provides a gateway to the latest information, insights from peers, good practice, useful resources, and lessons learnt about developing and implementing inclusive business.

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This Job descripion olines deails of a current vacancy with the Kilimo Trust - Director of their Making Markets Work for the Poor programme.

Sub-Saharan Africa | Water and Sanitation

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Worldwide, roughly 2.6 billion people lack access to an improved sanitation facility. Whilst numerous attempts have been made to address this problem over the last few decades, few have had lasting success in regards to achieving sustainable household sanitation coverage. Water For People has recently been awarded a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to explore different methodologies for catalyzing and facilitating sanitation businesses targeting low-income markets of developing countries. This program, known as Sanitation-as-a-Business (SAAB), will test whether the application of more market-oriented, business-based strategies to facilitate sanitation development lead to sustained household coverage, and under what conditions.

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The Market Facilitation Initiative (MaFI) is a joint effort of the SEEP Network and the Livelihoods Network, with the support of Practical Action. MaFI's bookmark website provides useful tools, papers, links and other resources relavant to market facilitation.

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The DCED is the forum in which donor and UN agencies share their practical experience of Private Sector Development (PSD), and agree guidance on good practice. It is also a leading source of knowledge about PSD. The DCED's online knowledge portal provides information and resources on many aspects of private sector development (including M4P), managed by the DCED and other agencies.

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Written by Andrew Ockenden (Coffey International Development), this M4P Hub Discussion Paper opposes the motion that the M4P approach has limited utility in post-conflict environments.

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Written by Sarah Maguire (Social Development Direct), this M4P Hub Discussion Paper supports the motion that the M4P approach has limited utility in post-conflict environments.

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This synthesis explores the usefulness and feasibility of applying an M4P framework approach to post-conflict environments and considers whether in these contexts M4P can be used as an engine to promote long term sustainable development.

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This working paper was prepared for the ADB-DFID learning event in Manila in 2005. It provides a summary of M4P theory before outlining the next steps and implications for M4P implementers.